Communication and crisis Essay

The paper centers around basic correspondence in the network emergency circumstance depicted in the gave situation. The paper incorporates the accompanying: The people or gatherings that will convey inside and outside the association during this emergency circumstance Potential focal points and difficulties related with imparting inside the association and with the general population and private divisions during this emergency circumstance Differences in correspondence forms utilized in emergency circumstances, including what you gained from the circumstances in the situation and how you may consolidate that information to improve human services correspondence procedures Appropriate innovation, for example, web-based social networking, influencing correspondence during the emergency circumstance and how these advances might be utilized to upgrade correspondence How innovation may be utilized distinctively now than it was during the emergency circumstances portrayed in the situation Media openings during this administration emergency The paper refers to at least three sources, one from the University Library and another from the course readings or Electronic Reserve Readings, to help the paper’s position. Extra Comments: The paperâ€including the cover sheet, reference page, tables, and any appendicesâ€is reliable with APA rules as coordinated by the facilitator. The paper is spread out with compelling utilization of headings, textual style styles, and void area. Rules of syntax, utilization, and accentuation are followed; spelling is right. <p

Military History Timeline From 1401 to 1600

Military History Timeline From 1401 to 1600 The military history of the 1400s and 1500s was brimming with fights in the Hundred Years War among France and England and was set apart by the life and passing of Joan of Arc. This lump of history saw the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the ultimate result of the English Wars of the Roses, the Eighty Years War, the Thirty Years War, and the Nine Years War, among numerous other grisly clashes. The 1400s and the Hundred Years War On July 20, 1402, Timur won the Battle of Ankara in the Ottoman-Timurid Wars. After a year, on July 21, 1403, in Britain, Henry IV won the Battle of Shrewsbury. The Teutonic Knights were vanquished July 15, 1410, during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War at the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg). In the progressing Hundred Years War, Henry V attacked and caught Harfleur from August 18 to September 22, 1415. Later that year, on October 25, the French powers were beaten by Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt. On January 19, 1419, Rouen, France gave up to the English ruler Henry V. The Hussite Wars started July 30, 1419, with the First Defenestration of Prague. Scottish and French powers vanquished the English at the Battle of Baugã © on March 21, 1421, in another skirmish of the Hundred Years War. On July 31, 1423, the English won the Battle of Cravant. The Duke of Bedford won the Battle of Verneuil on August 17, 1424. On September 5, 1427, French powers broke the attack of Montargis. The Hundred Years War kept on seething as the decade progressed. From October 12, 1428, to May 8, 1429, the Siege of Orleans was pursued, with Joan of Arc in the end sparing the city. On February 12, 1429, Sir John Fastolf won the Battle of the Herrings. Close to the decade's end, on June 18, 1429, the French won the Battle of Patay. In a definitive and history-production snapshot of the Hundred Years War, Joan of Arc was executed at Rouen on May 30, 1431. The Hussites won the Battle of Taus on August 14, 1431, during the Hussite Wars. The Hussite Wars strife successfully finished May 30, 1434, after the Battle of Lipany. The Fall of the Byzantine Empire and the End of War The Hundred Years War proceeded on April 15, 1450, when the Comte de Clermont vanquished the English at the Battle of Formigny. The Second Ottoman Siege of Constantinople was directed from April 2 to May 29, 1453, bringing about the fall of the Byzantine Empire and adequately finishing the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars. The English armed force, under the Earl of Shrewsbury, was beaten at the Battle of Castillon on July 17, 1453, an occasion that shut down the Hundred Years War. The Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses started May 22, 1455, when the First Battle of St. Albans brought about a triumph for the Yorkist cause. The House of York appreciated another triumph in the continuous clash on September 23, 1459, when the Earl of Salisbury won the Battle of Blore Heath for the Yorkists. The contention proceeded on July 10, 1460, when King Henry VI was caught during the Battle of Northampton. Richard, Duke of York was crushed and slaughtered at the Battle of Wakefield on December 30, 1460. The Yorkists won the Battle of Mortimers Cross on February 2, 1461. Edward IV was broadcasted ruler on March 4, after the Lancastrian powers won the Second Battle of St. Albans on February 17, 1461. Edward IV triumphed at the Battle of Towton March 29, 1461. In Japan, a debate between Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana SÃ¥ zen swelled into the Onin War, which was pursued from July 1467 to July 1477. Back in England on July 26, 1469, the Lancastrians succeeded at the Battle of Edgecote Moor in the as yet progressing Wars of the Roses. The Earl of Warwick was murdered at the Battle of Barnet on April 14, 1471, in another conclusive snapshot of the Wars of the Roses. Edward IV recovered the seat on May 4 of that year, subsequent to winning the Battle of Tewkesbury. Portugal was vanquished at the Battle of Toro in the War of the Castilian Succession on March 1, 1476. War Begins and Ends for France and England Over in France, the Burgundian Wars emitted when Duke Charles of Burgundy was beaten at the Battle of Granson on March 2, 1476. Swiss powers crushed the Duke of Burgundy at the Battle of Murten (Morat) on June 22, 1476. Duke Charles was crushed and executed at the Battle of Nancy on January 5, 1477, finishing the Burgundian Wars. It was the start of the end for the Wars of the Roses on August 22, 1485, when Henry Tudor triumphed at the Battle of Bosworth Field and became King Henry VII. The last commitment of the Wars of the Roses was faced at the Conflict of Stoke Field on June 16, 1487. The Reconquista finished January 2, 1492, when Spanish powers caught Granada from the Moors, finishing the contention. Sixty-three years of contention started in October 1494 with the French intrusion of Italy, the occasion that propelled the Italian Wars. 1500s Military Conflicts Begin French powers won the Battle of Ravenna April 11, 1512, in a conclusive snapshot of the War of the League of Cambrai. In the following part of the contention, the Scottish powers were squashed at the Battle of Flodden on September 9, 1513. Somewhere else on the planet, Ottoman powers won the Battle of Chaldiran over the Safavid Empire on August 23, 1514. The War of the League of Cambrai proceeded with September 13 and 14, 1515, when the French vanquished the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano. Majestic and Spanish powers vanquished and caught Francis I at the Battle of Pavia on February 24, 1525, as the Italian Wars kept on unfurling. War Erupts Outside of Europe Babur won the First Battle of Panipat in the Mughal Conquests on April 21, 1526. In the Ottoman-Hungarian Wars, the Hungarian powers were severely vanquished at the Battle of Mohacs on August 29, 1526. In the continuous Mughal Conquests, the powers of Babur vanquished the Rajput Confederation to overcome northern India on March 17, 1527. Royal soldiers sacked the city of Rome on May 6, 1527, in a dim snapshot of the Italian Wars. The Ottoman-Habsburg Wars kept on seething from September 27 to October 14, 1529, when the Ottomans attacked Vienna yet had to withdraw. Swiss Catholics vanquished the Protestants of Zurich at the Battle of Kappel on October 11, 1531, during the Second War of Kappel. In 1539, Humayan was vanquished by the Sher-Shah at the Battle of Benares. The 1540s Bring War Back to England English maritime authority Sir Francis Drake was conceived in Tavistock, Devon in 1540, during the Anglo-Spanish War. The contention warmed up on November 24, 1542, when the Scottish powers were beaten at the Battle of Solway Moss. Ruler Galawdewos won the Battle of Wayna Daga on February 21, 1543, during the Ethiopian-Adal War. Scottish soldiers crushed the English at the Battle of Ancrum Moor on February 27, 1545, during the Anglo-Scottish Wars. During the Schmalkaldic War, protestant powers were beaten at the Battle of Mã ¼hlberg on April 24, 1547. The Anglo-Scottish Wars proceeded with when the English won the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh over the Scots on September 10, 1547. Mughal powers vanquished rebels at the Second Battle of Panipat on November 5, 1556. The Battle of Kawanakajima, a contention among Takeda and Uesugi powers, was pursued on September 10, 1561, in Japan. Many years of War The powers of Oda Nobunaga directed the effective attack of Ishiyama Hongan-ji from August 1570 to August 1580 in Japan. The Holy League vanquished the Ottomans at the definitive Battle of Lepanto on October 7, 1571, finishing the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. Mughal powers won the Battle of Tukaroi over the Sultanate of Bangala and Bihar on March 5, 1575. Albrecht von Wallenstein was conceived in Bohemia September 24, 1583, during the Thirty Years War. English maritime powers assaulted the Spanish port of Cadiz from April 12 to July 6, 1587, during the Anglo-Spanish War. In fights seething from July 19 to August 12, 1588, English maritime powers crushed the incredible Spanish Armada. English and Dutch powers caught and consumed the Spanish city of Cadiz from June 30 to July 15, 1596. Maurice of Nassau won the Battle of Turnhout on January 24, 1597, during the Eighty Years War. English powers were beaten at the Battle of Curlew Pass on August 15, 1599, during the Nine Years War. The Eighty Years War proceeded through the finish of the 1500s when the Dutch won a strategic triumph at the Battle of Nieuwpoort on July 2, 1600.

We Were Deferred

We Were Deferred MIT was our dream school. The blogs were one of the main reasons for that. We read the blogs religiously throughout high school. We followed the tails of the bloggers, laughed at their jokes (or in the case of Ceri’s vlogs, her friend’s jokes too), cheered at their accomplishments, and sympathized with their struggles. Their experiences, although adding up to only a small sample of MIT experiences, painted a beautifully complex, diverse, flawed, and unique depiction of MIT, an MIT we saw ourselves living and learning in. We dreamed about applying all throughout high school, questioned if our test scores were good enough, stressed if the activities we did were the “right” ones, imagined our interviews hundreds of times before they happened, and thought about them endlessly after they happened to try to remember if we said everything we wanted to. Early Action decision day was on a Wednesday for us. We honestly can’t remember anything extremely special or specific or memorable or out-of-the-ordinary that happened during that day at school. At that point, it was already the end of semester crunch, so we were probably just going through the motions 1st class, 2nd, break, 3rd class, etc. After getting out at 2:20pm, we had a 0-45 min wait time for our bus depending on how ready/not sleep deprived we were to run the 10-minute-walk to our bus stop to get there by 2:26 pm, the time our bus fairly regularly arrived at. We definitely wanted to kill time that day (since decisions came out at 6:28 pm), so we didnt even try running as we usually would try to do, we missed the first bus, and we got on the second. Then, there was the actual 1-1.5 hour commute depending on traffic. After getting home and eating food, it was probably around 5:15 pm. We had a little over an hour to kill, so we definitely watched something, probably a youtu be video or many from the cooking or art or artsy cooking youtube channel we were obsessed with then. We didn’t check our decisions exactly at 6:28 pm, so we must have done a great job at distracting ourselves. We actually only realized what the time was when a friend texted us, asking us about our decisions. It was probably 6:30 or 6:31 pm. We logged in. Our letters wouldnt load for a dreadfully long time. Here is a gif portraying the eternal and existential dread that we faced in that moment. (length warning: 17 seconds. content warning: it’s weird (but hopefully also funny)) Danny’s decision finished loading first, and then Allan’s shortly after. Yep, DA twins got DAferred (sorry not sorry for the pun). We were both faced with that infamous letter that boiled down to “to be determined.” We were really upset. We didn’t get the “yes” we had hoped for and worked for for so long. It felt like defeat. We knew that it wasn’t a “no”. And we knew that people have gotten in after being deferred. We read posts just like this one. But we couldn’t help feeling the way we did. We had many long conversations reevaluating everything we had done in high school to try to find that *one* thing that caused our deferrals. We regretted not doing more. We tried comparing ourselves to others we knew of that got in. We just thought a lot. It wasn’t healthy. With that said, things did get better. The force of gravity is inversely proportional to distance (okay technically distance squared, but who’s keeping track) and that definitely held true with the distance from the event. The further we got from December 16th, the less heavy it began to feel. We began to think about the whole thing more reasonably. We had been given another chance. Sure it’s slim, but still, a chance is chance. When winter break hit, we had to forget about MIT to finish up all our other applications. This process honestly helped us. Because to be totally honest, we had done very minimal research into other colleges (comparatively to the amount we did into MIT) until we applied to them during winter break. And the deferral from MIT became less painful when we, for the first time in all of high school, really allowed ourselves to see our futures in schools that weren’t MIT. After having that experience, we realized how potentially toxic the idea of a dream school can be, or at least how toxic it was for us. As the saying goes, “don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” It’s totally fine and even great if you are really passionate about one school, but there is absolutely no harm and only benefit in looking into and being really passionate about more than one school. This is something we wished we would have realized, because it would’ve saved us a lot of stress and heart-ache in the long run. Envision multiple futures and find the happiness in every option. After we finished applying to colleges, we tried being as calm as possible about all our pending decisions. But we definitely had moments scouring admissions statistics pages, many of which felt like they said, “rounding up, we accept 0% of applicants.” When not doing the above, we continued doing what we’ve done throughout high school. Continued doing math club. Continued trying really hard in our classes. Continued taking challenging ones. Continued applying to scholarships. Continued knitting, and art-ing, and practicing piano. Just continued. We put some things in our fun form, like a recent math-shape knitting project, and our current status in a scholarship. As more things happened after submitting the fun form, like updates from the scholarship, results from a math competition, and getting onto a math team for a different competition, we emailed MIT admissions and all the other schools we had applied to. If there was one thing that we felt we did correctly (or as correct as you can possibly feel while navigating the complex-messy-maze that is applying to college), it was that we didn’t give into our initial feelings of doubt or lose motivation after our deferrals. No matter how discouraging it might feel, don’t let a co llege decision weigh you down. Use it instead as motivation to excel. This is really vague and you may not know what to do with that lofty phrase, but in the case of senior year, just dont get a really bad case of senioritis. Thats easier said than done, as with most things involving this time of high school. But youre almost finished, so really try your best to end the quarter, semester, term, year, whatever off strongly! A few days before pi day, we felt that force of gravity again. We were so close to finding out about our rejection. We accepted expected it. It was a Monday. We walked to our bus stop again. “Welp, today is the day. Ahhhh…. Yep.. okay yeaahhhhhh……………..aaaaaaaaa….” We got home again at probably around 5:15 pm. We distracted ourselves. Logged in. Waited for our screens to load. It was all too familiaruntil…itwasn’t…. When our screens loaded, we were in shock. Utter shock. We immediately told our parents. And messaged our friends. Had this decision come in the early cycle, we would have *immediately* decided that we would be committing. But because of how much we began looking at other schools by the time of regular action, we did not have that certainty. We only actually decided that we would comMIT after CPW, after experiencing the MIT culture that we fell in love with initially through the blogs, and parted ways with from December to March. It was a full circle experience that we do not regret. The applying-to-college process can be really hard. It was for us. So, we just want to let you know, that no matter what any decisions may seem like they are telling you, you are worth it. If you get in after being deferred, thats great, and we hope to see you on campus! But if not (or if you didnt in early action), and many dont unfortunately, you will take your talents and passions to a different school that will be so lucky to have you. Or you will take a gap year. Or you will go to a school and then transfer. Or you will start a company. Or maybe end up at MIT for grad school. Or you will the list is honestly endless. There is a world of possibilities. Making it this far is already something to be proud of and, whether MIT will be a part of your future or not, continue pursuing your dreams and make the world a better place (wow that probably sounds really cheesy, but we really mean it genuinely). And one last thing. Between all the craziness that is senior year of high school, give yourself time to do the things you do for the pure joy of it, the things you wrote about in essay 1. And while doing that, forget about MIT, forget about the future. Be present. Be calm.  Breathe. And if it helps at all, here is a very long list of things we watch/listen to/enjoy when we want to de-stress: music (most from disney/pixar films/shorts)  that makes us happy Brave by Sara Bareilles With the Right Music by Rosser and Sohne   L.O.V.E. from The Parent Trap Handshake scene from The Parent Trap Send Me On My Way by Rusted Root from Matilda Hawaiian Rollercoaster Ride Lilo and Stitch Opening Scene from Lilo and Stitch I Can Go the Distance from Hercules I Wont Say Im in Love from Hercules The Gospel Truth from Hercules Journey to the Past from Anastasia Once Upon a December from Anastasia When Will My Life Begin from Tangled Touch the Sky from Brave Blue Umbrella  (Pixar short) Lava  (Pixar short) Le Festin from Ratatouille Opening Scene from Inside Out   How Far Ill Go from Moana Where You Are from Moana Here Comes a Thought from Steven Universe Peace and Love from Steven Universe Sadies Song from Steven Universe Stronger Than You from Steven Universe + music video Thats How You Know from Enchanted Almost There from Princess And the Frog musical soundtracks that make us happy (+ our favorite songs from them) Amélie introvert that likes to help people in paris, raspberry finger tip disease Times Are Hard for Dreamers   Tour de France mash-up of these two^ Anastasia lost russian princess finds her memories, family, and love In My Dreams My Petersburg Journey to the Past + live performance  + Darren Criss and Original Anastasia In a Crowd of Thousands  + studio recording Well Go From There A Very Potter Musical hilarious parody of Harry Potter. Also Draco watch it for Draco Back to Hogwarts A Very Potter Sequel Sequel to AVPM Coolest Girl  + Darren Criss version No way A Very Potter Senior Year A one time performance of the final installment of AVPM with the actual actress that played Luna Lovegood from the HP movies! F*** the tie Beautiful: The Carol King Musical about the legendary singer/songwriter Carol King Beautiful  + live performance I Feel the Earth Move Into the Woods A mish-mash of many fairy tales Agony On the Steps of the Palace Natasha, Pierre, and The Great Comet of 1812 THIS IS OUR ALL TIME FAVORITE MUSICAL. Based on a 70-page chunk of War and Peace, its about a Russian princess and her love story. No One Else + studio recording In My House  + studio recording Waitress   + Sara Bareilles singing most of the songs pies, falling in love with a doctor, and amazing music made by Sara Bareilles What Baking Can Do + an adorable kids cover of it and Sara Bareilles cheering him on When He Sees Me Bad Idea Opening Up (Finale)  + live performance mash-up videos that make us happy or laugh Dear Evan Hansen Getaway Cerulean Monologue Ellen BombShell Julie and Julia Meltdown Drunk History Julia Child History of Japan/Earth Ze Frank True Facts You Got This Travis Dear Kitty Ice Skating to Journey to the Past Ice Skating to Once Upon a December cartoons that make us happy (in order of shortest to longest) First episode of The Summoning Pilot of Infinity Train Bee and PuppyCat  (only first episode linked, but the rest are also on YouTube) Over the Garden Wall The Legend of Korra Avatar: the Last Airbender Steven Universe 3 you got this! we believe in you! 3 Post Tagged #Early Action #Pi Day

Recruitment And Retention Of Police Officers - 1908 Words

In recent years, recruitment and retention of police officers has been a pain point for many departments across the nation. Odd and inflexible hours, uncompetitive pay, para-militaristic organizational structures, and a negative public perception have all worked to diminish the pool of applicants interested in careers in law enforcement. Add to the mix the sexist â€Å"brotherhood† police culture, emphasis on masculinity and aggression, and the nearly non-existent opportunities for advancement for women, and over half of the eligible workforce has been discouraged from even considering a career in law enforcement. In 2013, women comprised just over 57% of the labor force, but accounted for only 13% of sworn police officers (USDOL, 2013; Crooke, 2013). Not only are women sorely underrepresented in the field of law enforcement, but those who are employed experience discrimination at the hands of their supervisors and coworkers, and as a result, the attrition rate for women is o ften much higher than that of their male counterparts. Departments should pledge dedication to recruiting and retaining more female officers, as research indicates that not only do females perform just as well as males in patrol positions, but they also have a unique set of advantages to offer agencies when employed in law enforcement. 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It is far more costly and time-consuming to recruit an officer than to retain one. Reducing retention problems can alleviate much of the need for recruiting (Wilson, 2010). The most fundamental human resource process in a law enforcement organization is the recruitment of a sufficient number of qualified applicantsRead MoreReview the Methods Used by Public Services to Ensure They Have a Diverse Workforce727 Words   |  3 PagesP5 - Review the methods used by Public Services to ensure they have a diverse workforce The Police Service are trying to recruit more female officers as well as more people from minority groups with an aim to have a more diverse workforce who can relate more to the public. Recently, it has been brought up that there is still institutional racism within the Police force, this, as well as many other reasons such as negative stereotyping, informal bias and assumptions from ethnic minority groups

Communism A Theory Or System Of Social Organization

Communism Communism is a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. The word ‘communism’ derived from Latin word ‘communis’ which means common, universal. ( Dictionary Reference- Communism) In the 1840s, a German philosopher named Karl Marx published books that talking about Marxism which is known as communism nowadays. Marx said class struggle is a problem of the society. Marx founded the Communist Correspondence Committee in 1846. Their plan was to try and link socialist who live in different part of Europe. In this time many socialist leaders were influenced by Marxism. This is the begging of the communism. The concept of Marxism is socialism versus nationalism. Nationalism is based on ownership of property; however socialism is control and management of property by society. Marxism is based on socialism which property is controlled by society. Communism’s most important goal is reaching utopia. Utopia is made by Thomas More in 1516. It is a combination of Greek ‘Î µÃ¡ ½â€"’ which mean ‘good’ and ‘τÏÅ'πΠ¿Ãâ€šÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ which mean ‘place’. So utopia mean ‘good place’. But nowadays’ standard usage describes utopia as non-existing society that is much better than the society which we are living right now. Thomas More’s book, ‘Utopia’, describes how utopia really looks like. In the book, ’utopia’, There are 100, 0000 people living in this island. And there is no moneyShow MoreRelatedCommunism: A Theory Or System Of Social Organization Based1597 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism: a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, with actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary.com). Communism is the ideology that abolishes all private property, and claims to abolish all social classes. The Communist Manifesto was a publication written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in 1847 and published in 1848. It was written to provide the platform of the Communist Party. Their intentionRead MoreCommunism: Its Origins and World Impact Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism, a Basic Human Perspective! To this day people who were ruled by communist government still feel the pain and results from it. Communism can be seen as a theory and a system of both political and social organization that has had a great impact on the world through most of the twentieth century. Let us begin by defining what communism is, where it all began, who were some of the key people that played a major role in communism, and when it fell apart. There are many different definitionsRead MoreCommunism Vs. 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The characters in 1984 are trained to be collectivists because they stride for social harmony and the satisfaction in life is based on the success of the group as a whole. An example of this is everyone jobs is to make sure that Oceania succeeds againstRead MoreKarl Marx Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1800s. Marx has his own economic theory, called Marxism. Marx, a radical Communist ideas and philosophies played important roles int the forming of Communist nations during the twentieth century. Marx’s ideas would and have influenced the course of history. Even today, well past his death his philosophies and ideas are still talked about. Marx’s ideas are captured in his book the Communist manifesto. Communism is â€Å"a theory or system of social organization  based on the holding of all propertyRead MoreThe New Communistic Approach993 Words   |  4 Pageswhich also meant the end of communism. 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After Karl finished school and earned a doctorate from the University of Jena in 1841, he wrote for Rheinische Zeitung, a radical newspaper in Cologne. During this time he began to work on his theory of the materialist conception of art. It is principally a theory of history according to which the materialRead MoreRelationship between Communism and Fascism984 Words   |  4 Pagesvirtually using anything available as in the case in 1939. Communism and Fascism are revolutionary moments that were majorly felt during the twentieth century across the world and specifically in European Countries such as Germany, Russia, Japan, and Italy among others. These two principles of governance have some common characteristics among them on one hand and differences at some instances. This paper tries show the relationship between Communism and Fascism, their similarities, differences and which

Disclosure Analysis Paper Free Essays

Individual – Disclosure Analysis Paper ACC 422 Intermediate Financial Accounting II February 25, 2013 Toys â€Å"R† Us, Inc. is the company that I will analyze. To analyze the disclosures of the company’s financial statement is important because it allows one to understand the position of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Disclosure Analysis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Toys â€Å"R† Us is one largest in the world toy retailers offering a selection of toys and baby products for families around the world. For more than 60 years, Toys â€Å"R† Us has been an all-time favorite for kids and grown-ups with many kinds of toys, games, learning aids, electronics, apparel and furniture. Merchandise is sold in 872 Toys â€Å"R† Us and Babies â€Å"R† Us stores in the United States and Puerto Rico and in more than 645 international stores and over 150 licensed stores in 35 countries and jurisdictions (About Toy â€Å"R† Us Corporate). One category to analyze is cash and cash equivalents which are the most liquid current assets. On the statement of cash flows, cash has a much broader definition than just seeing it as cash on hand and cash in the bank. It cash equivalents plays an important role within. Cash equivalents are short-term investments that are easily converted to cash but treated like cash. In the third quarter, Toys â€Å"R† Us showed $2. 3 billion of liquidity which included cash and cash equivalents of about $399 million and available lines of credit that totals about $1. 9 billion. The amount of cash used in the operating activities totaled to $449 million which was lower than the previous year (About Toy â€Å"R† US Corporate). Toy â€Å"R† Us along with other companies is responsible for disclosing components of cash and cash equivalents along totals from the cash flow statement with the equivalent items showing in the balance sheet. Extraordinary items, interest and dividends, taxes on income and foreign currency cash flows and non-cash transaction should be disclosed separately. Accounts receivable is another short-term liquid asset that results from credit sales to customers. Credit is offered to increase sales, uncollectible accounts associated with credit sales should be charged as expenses in the period in which the sales are made. A small number of customers account for a large share of Toy â€Å"R† US net sales and accounts receivable. Toy â€Å"R† Us receivables in 2012 are $236 million. Total current receivables make up 4. 6 percent of total assets for the year. Accounts and other receivables consist primarily of receivables from vendor allowances and consumer credit card and debit card transactions. The accounts receivable turnover compares the level of receivables with sales. Its allowance for doubtful accounts reduced to 2. 9 million in fiscal year 2011 to 2012. Toy â€Å"R† Us capital expenditure plays a major role of it long term toy and juvenile strategy (Toys â€Å"R† Us, Inc. ). By the end of the quarter the company had about $2 billion of liquidity, including cash and cash equivalents of about $6 million and unused available for lines of credit totaling $1 billion. Inventory is another current asset of a company. Inventory represents items held for resale that will go into the manufacturing of goods to be sold. Toy â€Å"R† Us financial disclosures states that the inventory balances of $3,551 on October 27, 2012 and $2,232 million on January 28, 2012. This financial disclosure wants investors to know that inventory on this statement were at completion. Toys â€Å"R† Us offers customers the Toys R Us Credit Cards, both by GE Capital Retail Bank. Toy â€Å"R† Us maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure and maintain information that is required to be disclosed in the financial reporting. The purpose of the disclosures notes to the financial reporting presents information which cannot be presented on income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows. Analyzing the disclosures contained within the notes to the financial statements is mainly conducted in order to identify the company financial performances, such as, cash and cash equivalents, receivables and its inventory. Toy â€Å"R† Us wants to be committed to maintaining and conducting its business with integrity ensuring that each asset, liability, expense and other transaction are disclosed accurately. The disclosure analysis defines whether or not the company under analysis is a good or bad investment for the company interested in acquisition (ehow. com). References Kieso, D. E. , Weygandt, J. J. , Warfield, T. D. (2010). Intermediate accounting (13th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. About US – Toy â€Å"R† Us Corporate, retrieved February 25, 2013 from http://www. toysrusinc. com How to Write a Disclosure Analysis Paper | eHow. com How to cite Disclosure Analysis Paper, Papers

Development of Concept of Contributory Negligence †Free Samples

Question: Discuss abou the Development of Concept of Contributory Negligence. Answer: Introduction The legal meaning of the word tort is a wrong" or a violation of ones obligations as imposed by the law. When someone violates the imposed duties, the other person concerned with those duties suffers some injuries. Such injuries could be either physical or to the properties. For a further understanding of the application of the law of tort, this paper will draw from two scenarios. The first one would be a scenario of an accident that involves Katie, Max, and Rita. Katie is the driver who causes the accident. Max is the pedestrian who is a victim of the accident. Max also had closed the road without obeying the traffic lights and also seeing Katie's vehicle approaching. Rita, an eyewitness, allegedly suffers a nervous breakdown which causes her future phobia about crossing streets. The second scenario that this paper will examine regards the case of XYZ Bank and Harry. Harry provides an untrue valuation that XYZ relies on while issuing a loan to its client, Robbie. Later, the bank suf fers loss due to Harry untrue reports. Katie, Max and Rita Issue This scenario is a combination two main issues; contributory negligence and psychiatric injuries. Particularly, Katie and Max claims would fall under contributory negligence. Rita issue would fall under the principles of psychiatric injuries or nervous breakdown. Rules of Law For a start, contributory negligence is a major defense against a claim of tort. This defense generally arises in situations where the plaintiffs failure to observe reasonable care contributes to their injuries(Dongen Verdam, 2016). In the past, common law could allow the defense of contributory negligence to defeat a plaintiff s claim especially where the court found the plaintiff had 100% contributory negligent. The recent statutory provisions have abolished that principle and they now provide for the apportionment of damages as per the plaintiffs degree to of contribution as stated in section 9 (Law Reform [Miscellaneous Provisions] Act , 1965). The section 9 (1) b allows the court to determine damages considering each partys negligent contributions to the damages. In other words, the defense would never fully exonerate the defendant from the claim(Goudkamp, 2015). A landmark case for this principles is (Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel , 1985). The plaintiff was working as a gas regulator in the defendants company. He screwed the gas valve badly leading to a gas that caused his injuries. The court found the employer 10% guilty of negligent while the plaintiff had 90% contributory negligent. Also, in ( Turkmani v Visvalingam , NSWCA 211), the court of appeal found that the claimant had 80% contributory negligent. The claimant was jogging in a Dont Walk intersection when he was struck by the defendants van. On the part of Rita, the claim falls within the scope of pure psychiatric injuries. While handling these cases, courts create a distinction between primary and secondary victims. Primary victims are those who are actual victims the incident while secondary victims are eyewitnesses and people who arrive at the scene immediately after the incidence(Strong Williams, 2011). In a general sense, the defendant owes no duty to the world for preventing people from seing a shock. Therefore, for a court to allow a secondary victim to claim psychiatric injuries, the following elements must be available; There must be a close bond of love and affection between the primary and secondary victim. There is always a close among spouses, parents, and children. Anyone who is not among these people must provide a reasonable connection. Secondly, the court also requires a geographical closeness to the scene of the incidence or its aftermath(Mulheron, 2016). Courts require the claimant to be either at present or arrive soon after the incident. Stories from third parties of television do not substantiate geographical proximity. In (Janesch v Coffey, 1984) the claimant suffered nervous shock after seing her husbands injuries in the hospital. The court awarded her the claimed damages after finding that there was proximity even though the wife was not at the scene of the accident. Lastly, there should be a medical proof of psychiatric illness that a claimant alleges to have suffered(Mullis Oliphant, 2011). In summary, the South Australian section 53,(1b) of ( Civil Liability Act , 1936) limits secondary victims claim that for one, the claimant Is a parent, spouse, domestic partner or child of a person killed, injured or endangered in the accident. Conclusion Following the cases above, it is very likely that the damages of Max against Katie would be calculated proportionally. The court would find Katie negligent, but it would also find that Max contributed to his damages as he should have respected the Red-light warning. For the case of Rita, the claim would fail since Rita is a secondary victim who has no close tie of love or affection to Max. Therefore, Rita does not meet the requirements of section 53,(1b) of ( Civil Liability Act , 1936). XYZ Bank and Harry Issue The main issue in this case is pure economic loss caused by a negligent statement. Rules of Law The general rule that applies to cases of pure economic loss is very strict. Where a claimant brings a claim where the core of the claim is pure economic loss, courts award very limited damages under the tort of negligence(Sabapathy, 2009). However, if the claimant demonstrates that a contract existed between him and the defendant, then the court will allow the claim. The law will always dismiss a claim for pure economic loss where there are no physical injuries, no contracts, and no property damages(Ramello Porrini, 2011). The general rule that applies to cases of pure economic loss is very strict. Where a claimant brings a claim where the core of the claim is pure economic loss, courts award very limited damages under the tort of negligence. However, if the claimant demonstrates that a contract existed between him and the defendant, then the court will allow the claim(Ramello Porrini, 2011). The law will always dismiss a claim for pure economic loss where there are no physical injuries, no contracts, and no property damages. Regarding XYZ Bank and Harry scenario, there are special circumstances where a claim a court will allow a claim of pure economic loss resulting from misstatement. In such cases, the claim has to meet the following requirements. For one, the defendant must have sufficient knowledge that his statement would be used elsewhere to make financial decisions. It is not a requirement that the defendant knew the person who would use the statement. In (Esanda Finance Corporation Limited V Peat Marwick Hungerfords, 1997), the plaintiff relied on the defendants audited accounts while offering credit to Excel, a defendants client. The accounts were misstated, and the plaintiff could not recover its loan. The court found that the defendant owed no duty to the plaintiff as was not negligent as they did not know whether anyone would use the accounts to issue credit. Secondly, the misstatement should have direct connection to the claimed transaction. Lastly, the claimant must demonstrate that defendan t reasonably expected him rely on that statement without seeking further advice. In (Shaddock V Parramatta City Council, 1981), the case succeeded since all the three elements were present. The claimant intended to purchase a property within the Councils area of operation. Shaddocks solicitor requested the council to provide information regarding the status of the property in terms of proposals for widening the roads. The defendant carelessly told the claimant that there was no proposal whereas there was one in fact. The misstatement caused the claimant a loss. The court found the defendant guilty since it was aware that the claimant would rely on that information. The appellants claimed that they had sustained loss by reason of their reliance on erroneous information supplied to them innocently but negligently by the respondent. The trial judge found that the respondent had been careless but that it owed no relevant duty of care to the appellants. This decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeal on appeal to the High Court. Conclusion Following the above analysis, it is likely that Harry would be liable for the damages suffered by XYZ bank due to reliance on Harrys untrue statement.(Pitts v Hunt , 1990) It is possible that Harry, a friend to Robbie was aware that Robbie was borrowing some huge money and hence that is why he needed to lie about the value of his land. Besides, Harry should have not lied in the direction of Robbie since he knew Robbie who is his friend needed additional capital. However, it is up to XYZ bank to prove that Harry was aware of Robbies plan to use the wrong statement to acquire capital. Bibliography Civil Liability Act , 1936. s.l.: South Australia. Dongen, E. G. v. Verdam, H. P., 2016. The Development of the Concept of Contributory Negligence in English Common Law. Utrecht law review, , 12(1), pp. 61-74. Esanda Finance Corporation Limited V Peat Marwick Hungerfords (1997) 142 ALR 750. Goudkamp, J., 2015. Apportionment of Damages for Contributory Negligence: A Fixed or Discretionary Approach?. Legal Studies, , 35(4), pp. 621-647. Janesch v Coffey (1984) 155 CLR 549. Law Reform [Miscellaneous Provisions] Act , 1965. s.l.:s.n. Mulheron, R., 2016. Principles of Tort Law. 1 ed. United Kingdom, UK: Cambridge University Press. Mullis , A. Oliphant, K., 2011. Torts. 4 ed. United Kingdom, UK: Macmillan International Higher Education. Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel (1985) HCA 34 . Ramello, G. B. Porrini, D., 2011. Class Action and Financial Markets: Insights from Law and Economics. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, , 3(2), pp. 140-160. Sabapathy, S., 2009. Tort recovery of pure economic loss for defective premises: a comparative analysis. International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry, , 2(1), p. 84. Shaddock V Parramatta City Council (1981) ALR 385. Strong, S. I. Williams, L., 2011. Complete Tort Law: Text, Cases, Materials. 2 ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Turkmani v Visvalingam (NSWCA 211) 2009.