Recruitment And Retention Of Police Officers - 1908 Words

In recent years, recruitment and retention of police officers has been a pain point for many departments across the nation. Odd and inflexible hours, uncompetitive pay, para-militaristic organizational structures, and a negative public perception have all worked to diminish the pool of applicants interested in careers in law enforcement. Add to the mix the sexist â€Å"brotherhood† police culture, emphasis on masculinity and aggression, and the nearly non-existent opportunities for advancement for women, and over half of the eligible workforce has been discouraged from even considering a career in law enforcement. In 2013, women comprised just over 57% of the labor force, but accounted for only 13% of sworn police officers (USDOL, 2013; Crooke, 2013). Not only are women sorely underrepresented in the field of law enforcement, but those who are employed experience discrimination at the hands of their supervisors and coworkers, and as a result, the attrition rate for women is o ften much higher than that of their male counterparts. Departments should pledge dedication to recruiting and retaining more female officers, as research indicates that not only do females perform just as well as males in patrol positions, but they also have a unique set of advantages to offer agencies when employed in law enforcement. In order to improve the recruitment and retention of females into policing roles, departments must determine the biggest deterrents for women who are considering the pursuitShow MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement Assignment1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe US has three main information resources, which collect statistics regarding the employment status of law enforcement officers together with other relevant evidence that is unique to every collection. For instance, the U.S Census Bureau, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), and FBI information gathering programs have varied purposes, respondent universes, data definitions, and information collection approac hes (Banks, Hendrix, Hickman, Kycklhahn, 2016). According to the U.S. Department ofRead MoreSome Factors That Affect Recruitment Of Certified Officers For The Coffee County Sheriffs Office790 Words   |  4 PagesSalary, benefits, and retirement are several factors that affect recruitment of certified officers for the Coffee County Sheriff’s Office. Recent job openings have found the number of certified applicants on a decline. The decline is due to better overall benefits in competing agencies. Several solutions that the county should consider are pay adjustments, more assistance with healthcare coverage, and considering the implementation of a merit system, with cooperation from the Sheriff. Employees hiredRead MoreMulticultural Representation in Law Enforcement: Recruitment, Retention, and Promotion957 Words   |  4 PagesMULTICULTURAL REPRESENTATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT: RECRUITMENT, RETENTION, AND PROMOTION INTRODUCTION Multicultural is related to several cultures in society, and educational theory that encourages interest in many cultures within a society rather than a mainstream culture. The Impact of Cultural Diversity in law enforcement is hard to uphold, currently in law enforcement it’s hard to keep officers because of the lack of interest that goes on, pay grade, and taking too long to rank up within theRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Recruitment And Training Needs1580 Words   |  7 PagesIdentify the Major Law Enforcement Recruitment and Training Needs: Recruitment Needs The profession of policing derives its effectiveness from its ability to attract and employ quality individuals who will strive to better their community. Therefore proper recruitment and selection of officers is incredibly important to a police organization. Some major needs to Missouri’s recruitment process will be addressed in the following paragraphs. Diversity recruitment is vital to any organization, especiallyRead MoreA Theoretical Framework For Recruiting Asian American Police Candidates843 Words   |  4 PagesStates, law enforcement agencies must search beyond traditional methods to attract potential Asian-American police candidates (Crump, 2011). It is not to say that traditional methods of recruiting are ineffective in today’s 21st century policing, but rather, law enforcement agencies must utilize both traditional and non-traditional methods to recruit and hire the most qualified Asian-Americans. By analyzing, assessing, evaluating, and combining the works of several law enforcement scholars regardingRead MoreCase Review : The Jacksonville Sheriffs Office1518 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience a population and demographic growth. Despite recent efforts to become more diverse, minorities remain underrepresented in police departments throughout the country. A 2013 census reports that JSO, accounts with a total minority police share of 24% with Whites leading the full-time officer totals: 1,209 Whites, 69 Hispanic, 32 Asian and 275 Black. Thus, 76% of the police share are White, 17.3% are Black, 4.3% are Hispanic, and 2.0% are Asian (Governing Magazine, 2017). It’s paramount to not onlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Diversifying Police Agencies And Selection773 Words   |  4 Pagesthe cause of countless police/immigrant community confrontations, and that in return diminishes the chances of recruiting Asian-American candidates towards a career in law enforcement. Purpose of the Study The objective of this thesis is to provide comprehensive information to all stakeholders who have an interest in enhancing minority recruitment and selection. The goal of this thesis is to address law enforcement professionals about the importance of diversifying police agencies; more importantlyRead MorePolicing in Regards to Race, Gender and Ethnicity819 Words   |  3 PagesPolicing in America is a transplant of English heritage policing model. During the early colonial times, formal police departments had yet to have been created. Over time outbreak social disorder and crime erupted causing for a more formal police to model. Formal policing model began to arise in the late 1800’s and leaders at the time attempted to reduce control of the police by politicians. As the 20th century rolled in, the focus began to latch closely on the thought of policing toRead MorePolice Agencies Face A Threefold Challenge1645 Words   |  7 Pages Police agencies face a threefold challenge in meeting the demand for officers: Attrition is increasing, sources of new recruits might be decreasing, and the demand for their work is expanding. It is far more costly and time-consuming to recruit an officer than to retain one. Reducing retention problems can alleviate much of the need for recruiting (Wilson, 2010). The most fundamental human resource process in a law enforcement organization is the recruitment of a sufficient number of qualified applicantsRead MoreReview the Methods Used by Public Services to Ensure They Have a Diverse Workforce727 Words   |  3 PagesP5 - Review the methods used by Public Services to ensure they have a diverse workforce The Police Service are trying to recruit more female officers as well as more people from minority groups with an aim to have a more diverse workforce who can relate more to the public. Recently, it has been brought up that there is still institutional racism within the Police force, this, as well as many other reasons such as negative stereotyping, informal bias and assumptions from ethnic minority groups

Communism A Theory Or System Of Social Organization

Communism Communism is a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. The word ‘communism’ derived from Latin word ‘communis’ which means common, universal. ( Dictionary Reference- Communism) In the 1840s, a German philosopher named Karl Marx published books that talking about Marxism which is known as communism nowadays. Marx said class struggle is a problem of the society. Marx founded the Communist Correspondence Committee in 1846. Their plan was to try and link socialist who live in different part of Europe. In this time many socialist leaders were influenced by Marxism. This is the begging of the communism. The concept of Marxism is socialism versus nationalism. Nationalism is based on ownership of property; however socialism is control and management of property by society. Marxism is based on socialism which property is controlled by society. Communism’s most important goal is reaching utopia. Utopia is made by Thomas More in 1516. It is a combination of Greek ‘Î µÃ¡ ½â€"’ which mean ‘good’ and ‘τÏÅ'πΠ¿Ãâ€šÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ which mean ‘place’. So utopia mean ‘good place’. But nowadays’ standard usage describes utopia as non-existing society that is much better than the society which we are living right now. Thomas More’s book, ‘Utopia’, describes how utopia really looks like. In the book, ’utopia’, There are 100, 0000 people living in this island. And there is no moneyShow MoreRelatedCommunism: A Theory Or System Of Social Organization Based1597 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism: a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, with actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary.com). Communism is the ideology that abolishes all private property, and claims to abolish all social classes. The Communist Manifesto was a publication written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in 1847 and published in 1848. It was written to provide the platform of the Communist Party. Their intentionRead MoreCommunism: Its Origins and World Impact Essay1025 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism, a Basic Human Perspective! To this day people who were ruled by communist government still feel the pain and results from it. Communism can be seen as a theory and a system of both political and social organization that has had a great impact on the world through most of the twentieth century. Let us begin by defining what communism is, where it all began, who were some of the key people that played a major role in communism, and when it fell apart. There are many different definitionsRead MoreCommunism Vs. Socialism : Difference Between Communism And Socialism1201 Words   |  5 PagesKinjal Shah Professor Raras Academic Communication Skills 10/26/2016 COMMUNISM VS SOCIALISM The basic idea of the paper is to highlight difference between communism and socialism. Though the concept and ideas seem to be similar there is much difference between the philosophies of two. In a way, communism is an extreme form of socialism. Many nations have dominant socialist political parties but very few are truly communist. In fact, most countries - including staunch capitalist bastions like theRead MoreHow The Events Of 1984 Have Made Them Who They Are1102 Words   |  5 Pagesconditioning. Then I will talk about some of the laws or regulations in the world today that I find to be not-constitutional. Finally I will define progressicism, socialism, communism and Marxism, and who founded them. 1. The characters in 1984 are trained to be collectivists because they stride for social harmony and the satisfaction in life is based on the success of the group as a whole. An example of this is everyone jobs is to make sure that Oceania succeeds againstRead MoreKarl Marx Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1800s. Marx has his own economic theory, called Marxism. Marx, a radical Communist ideas and philosophies played important roles int the forming of Communist nations during the twentieth century. Marx’s ideas would and have influenced the course of history. Even today, well past his death his philosophies and ideas are still talked about. Marx’s ideas are captured in his book the Communist manifesto. Communism is â€Å"a theory or system of social organization  based on the holding of all propertyRead MoreThe New Communistic Approach993 Words   |  4 Pageswhich also meant the end of communism. Despite the creation of an extreme regime, including suppression, forced labor camps, execution of people with different ideologies, bribes etc., the communists had a great goal at first. The Communist Party wanted to achieve social and financial equality in a classless and stateless society in which the fulfillment of human needs including satisfying work and an equal share of benefit derived from labor was essential. Although communism didn’t succeed in RussiaRead MoreCommunism : A Social, Economic, And Political Ideology1093 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is a social, economic, and political ideology. Under a true communist system, all people are to be equal politically, economically, and socially. The people are supposed to own everything communally; from businesses, to food, and beyond. No social classes are to exist under a true communist system, as all people receive the same quality and quantity of possessions as everyone else. (Ohiohistorycentral) Democracy is a government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme powerRead MoreLiberal and Radical Approaches in Zambia1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe main argument of this essay is to compare and contrast the liberal and radical approaches to social change. Accompanied by practical examples, I will state and re-enforce the theoretical approach that plausibly explains the prevailing circumstances in Zambia. This essay wi ll begin by defining briefly what the liberal and radical approaches are; also it will explain what is understood by the term social change. It is also necessary to point out that I have taken a stand on agreeing that the liberalRead MoreKarl Marx And The German Political System1427 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion and then of the Prussian political system. They ignored anti-utopian aspects of Friedrich’s thought that some have interpreted to mean that the world has already essentially reached perfection. After Karl finished school and earned a doctorate from the University of Jena in 1841, he wrote for Rheinische Zeitung, a radical newspaper in Cologne. During this time he began to work on his theory of the materialist conception of art. It is principally a theory of history according to which the materialRead MoreRelationship between Communism and Fascism984 Words   |  4 Pagesvirtually using anything available as in the case in 1939. Communism and Fascism are revolutionary moments that were majorly felt during the twentieth century across the world and specifically in European Countries such as Germany, Russia, Japan, and Italy among others. These two principles of governance have some common characteristics among them on one hand and differences at some instances. This paper tries show the relationship between Communism and Fascism, their similarities, differences and which

Disclosure Analysis Paper Free Essays

Individual – Disclosure Analysis Paper ACC 422 Intermediate Financial Accounting II February 25, 2013 Toys â€Å"R† Us, Inc. is the company that I will analyze. To analyze the disclosures of the company’s financial statement is important because it allows one to understand the position of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Disclosure Analysis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Toys â€Å"R† Us is one largest in the world toy retailers offering a selection of toys and baby products for families around the world. For more than 60 years, Toys â€Å"R† Us has been an all-time favorite for kids and grown-ups with many kinds of toys, games, learning aids, electronics, apparel and furniture. Merchandise is sold in 872 Toys â€Å"R† Us and Babies â€Å"R† Us stores in the United States and Puerto Rico and in more than 645 international stores and over 150 licensed stores in 35 countries and jurisdictions (About Toy â€Å"R† Us Corporate). One category to analyze is cash and cash equivalents which are the most liquid current assets. On the statement of cash flows, cash has a much broader definition than just seeing it as cash on hand and cash in the bank. It cash equivalents plays an important role within. Cash equivalents are short-term investments that are easily converted to cash but treated like cash. In the third quarter, Toys â€Å"R† Us showed $2. 3 billion of liquidity which included cash and cash equivalents of about $399 million and available lines of credit that totals about $1. 9 billion. The amount of cash used in the operating activities totaled to $449 million which was lower than the previous year (About Toy â€Å"R† US Corporate). Toy â€Å"R† Us along with other companies is responsible for disclosing components of cash and cash equivalents along totals from the cash flow statement with the equivalent items showing in the balance sheet. Extraordinary items, interest and dividends, taxes on income and foreign currency cash flows and non-cash transaction should be disclosed separately. Accounts receivable is another short-term liquid asset that results from credit sales to customers. Credit is offered to increase sales, uncollectible accounts associated with credit sales should be charged as expenses in the period in which the sales are made. A small number of customers account for a large share of Toy â€Å"R† US net sales and accounts receivable. Toy â€Å"R† Us receivables in 2012 are $236 million. Total current receivables make up 4. 6 percent of total assets for the year. Accounts and other receivables consist primarily of receivables from vendor allowances and consumer credit card and debit card transactions. The accounts receivable turnover compares the level of receivables with sales. Its allowance for doubtful accounts reduced to 2. 9 million in fiscal year 2011 to 2012. Toy â€Å"R† Us capital expenditure plays a major role of it long term toy and juvenile strategy (Toys â€Å"R† Us, Inc. ). By the end of the quarter the company had about $2 billion of liquidity, including cash and cash equivalents of about $6 million and unused available for lines of credit totaling $1 billion. Inventory is another current asset of a company. Inventory represents items held for resale that will go into the manufacturing of goods to be sold. Toy â€Å"R† Us financial disclosures states that the inventory balances of $3,551 on October 27, 2012 and $2,232 million on January 28, 2012. This financial disclosure wants investors to know that inventory on this statement were at completion. Toys â€Å"R† Us offers customers the Toys R Us Credit Cards, both by GE Capital Retail Bank. Toy â€Å"R† Us maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure and maintain information that is required to be disclosed in the financial reporting. The purpose of the disclosures notes to the financial reporting presents information which cannot be presented on income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows. Analyzing the disclosures contained within the notes to the financial statements is mainly conducted in order to identify the company financial performances, such as, cash and cash equivalents, receivables and its inventory. Toy â€Å"R† Us wants to be committed to maintaining and conducting its business with integrity ensuring that each asset, liability, expense and other transaction are disclosed accurately. The disclosure analysis defines whether or not the company under analysis is a good or bad investment for the company interested in acquisition (ehow. com). References Kieso, D. E. , Weygandt, J. J. , Warfield, T. D. (2010). Intermediate accounting (13th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. About US – Toy â€Å"R† Us Corporate, retrieved February 25, 2013 from http://www. toysrusinc. com How to Write a Disclosure Analysis Paper | eHow. com How to cite Disclosure Analysis Paper, Papers

Development of Concept of Contributory Negligence †Free Samples

Question: Discuss abou the Development of Concept of Contributory Negligence. Answer: Introduction The legal meaning of the word tort is a wrong" or a violation of ones obligations as imposed by the law. When someone violates the imposed duties, the other person concerned with those duties suffers some injuries. Such injuries could be either physical or to the properties. For a further understanding of the application of the law of tort, this paper will draw from two scenarios. The first one would be a scenario of an accident that involves Katie, Max, and Rita. Katie is the driver who causes the accident. Max is the pedestrian who is a victim of the accident. Max also had closed the road without obeying the traffic lights and also seeing Katie's vehicle approaching. Rita, an eyewitness, allegedly suffers a nervous breakdown which causes her future phobia about crossing streets. The second scenario that this paper will examine regards the case of XYZ Bank and Harry. Harry provides an untrue valuation that XYZ relies on while issuing a loan to its client, Robbie. Later, the bank suf fers loss due to Harry untrue reports. Katie, Max and Rita Issue This scenario is a combination two main issues; contributory negligence and psychiatric injuries. Particularly, Katie and Max claims would fall under contributory negligence. Rita issue would fall under the principles of psychiatric injuries or nervous breakdown. Rules of Law For a start, contributory negligence is a major defense against a claim of tort. This defense generally arises in situations where the plaintiffs failure to observe reasonable care contributes to their injuries(Dongen Verdam, 2016). In the past, common law could allow the defense of contributory negligence to defeat a plaintiff s claim especially where the court found the plaintiff had 100% contributory negligent. The recent statutory provisions have abolished that principle and they now provide for the apportionment of damages as per the plaintiffs degree to of contribution as stated in section 9 (Law Reform [Miscellaneous Provisions] Act , 1965). The section 9 (1) b allows the court to determine damages considering each partys negligent contributions to the damages. In other words, the defense would never fully exonerate the defendant from the claim(Goudkamp, 2015). A landmark case for this principles is (Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel , 1985). The plaintiff was working as a gas regulator in the defendants company. He screwed the gas valve badly leading to a gas that caused his injuries. The court found the employer 10% guilty of negligent while the plaintiff had 90% contributory negligent. Also, in ( Turkmani v Visvalingam , NSWCA 211), the court of appeal found that the claimant had 80% contributory negligent. The claimant was jogging in a Dont Walk intersection when he was struck by the defendants van. On the part of Rita, the claim falls within the scope of pure psychiatric injuries. While handling these cases, courts create a distinction between primary and secondary victims. Primary victims are those who are actual victims the incident while secondary victims are eyewitnesses and people who arrive at the scene immediately after the incidence(Strong Williams, 2011). In a general sense, the defendant owes no duty to the world for preventing people from seing a shock. Therefore, for a court to allow a secondary victim to claim psychiatric injuries, the following elements must be available; There must be a close bond of love and affection between the primary and secondary victim. There is always a close among spouses, parents, and children. Anyone who is not among these people must provide a reasonable connection. Secondly, the court also requires a geographical closeness to the scene of the incidence or its aftermath(Mulheron, 2016). Courts require the claimant to be either at present or arrive soon after the incident. Stories from third parties of television do not substantiate geographical proximity. In (Janesch v Coffey, 1984) the claimant suffered nervous shock after seing her husbands injuries in the hospital. The court awarded her the claimed damages after finding that there was proximity even though the wife was not at the scene of the accident. Lastly, there should be a medical proof of psychiatric illness that a claimant alleges to have suffered(Mullis Oliphant, 2011). In summary, the South Australian section 53,(1b) of ( Civil Liability Act , 1936) limits secondary victims claim that for one, the claimant Is a parent, spouse, domestic partner or child of a person killed, injured or endangered in the accident. Conclusion Following the cases above, it is very likely that the damages of Max against Katie would be calculated proportionally. The court would find Katie negligent, but it would also find that Max contributed to his damages as he should have respected the Red-light warning. For the case of Rita, the claim would fail since Rita is a secondary victim who has no close tie of love or affection to Max. Therefore, Rita does not meet the requirements of section 53,(1b) of ( Civil Liability Act , 1936). XYZ Bank and Harry Issue The main issue in this case is pure economic loss caused by a negligent statement. Rules of Law The general rule that applies to cases of pure economic loss is very strict. Where a claimant brings a claim where the core of the claim is pure economic loss, courts award very limited damages under the tort of negligence(Sabapathy, 2009). However, if the claimant demonstrates that a contract existed between him and the defendant, then the court will allow the claim. The law will always dismiss a claim for pure economic loss where there are no physical injuries, no contracts, and no property damages(Ramello Porrini, 2011). The general rule that applies to cases of pure economic loss is very strict. Where a claimant brings a claim where the core of the claim is pure economic loss, courts award very limited damages under the tort of negligence. However, if the claimant demonstrates that a contract existed between him and the defendant, then the court will allow the claim(Ramello Porrini, 2011). The law will always dismiss a claim for pure economic loss where there are no physical injuries, no contracts, and no property damages. Regarding XYZ Bank and Harry scenario, there are special circumstances where a claim a court will allow a claim of pure economic loss resulting from misstatement. In such cases, the claim has to meet the following requirements. For one, the defendant must have sufficient knowledge that his statement would be used elsewhere to make financial decisions. It is not a requirement that the defendant knew the person who would use the statement. In (Esanda Finance Corporation Limited V Peat Marwick Hungerfords, 1997), the plaintiff relied on the defendants audited accounts while offering credit to Excel, a defendants client. The accounts were misstated, and the plaintiff could not recover its loan. The court found that the defendant owed no duty to the plaintiff as was not negligent as they did not know whether anyone would use the accounts to issue credit. Secondly, the misstatement should have direct connection to the claimed transaction. Lastly, the claimant must demonstrate that defendan t reasonably expected him rely on that statement without seeking further advice. In (Shaddock V Parramatta City Council, 1981), the case succeeded since all the three elements were present. The claimant intended to purchase a property within the Councils area of operation. Shaddocks solicitor requested the council to provide information regarding the status of the property in terms of proposals for widening the roads. The defendant carelessly told the claimant that there was no proposal whereas there was one in fact. The misstatement caused the claimant a loss. The court found the defendant guilty since it was aware that the claimant would rely on that information. The appellants claimed that they had sustained loss by reason of their reliance on erroneous information supplied to them innocently but negligently by the respondent. The trial judge found that the respondent had been careless but that it owed no relevant duty of care to the appellants. This decision was affirmed by the Court of Appeal on appeal to the High Court. Conclusion Following the above analysis, it is likely that Harry would be liable for the damages suffered by XYZ bank due to reliance on Harrys untrue statement.(Pitts v Hunt , 1990) It is possible that Harry, a friend to Robbie was aware that Robbie was borrowing some huge money and hence that is why he needed to lie about the value of his land. Besides, Harry should have not lied in the direction of Robbie since he knew Robbie who is his friend needed additional capital. However, it is up to XYZ bank to prove that Harry was aware of Robbies plan to use the wrong statement to acquire capital. Bibliography Civil Liability Act , 1936. s.l.: South Australia. Dongen, E. G. v. Verdam, H. P., 2016. The Development of the Concept of Contributory Negligence in English Common Law. Utrecht law review, , 12(1), pp. 61-74. Esanda Finance Corporation Limited V Peat Marwick Hungerfords (1997) 142 ALR 750. Goudkamp, J., 2015. Apportionment of Damages for Contributory Negligence: A Fixed or Discretionary Approach?. Legal Studies, , 35(4), pp. 621-647. Janesch v Coffey (1984) 155 CLR 549. Law Reform [Miscellaneous Provisions] Act , 1965. s.l.:s.n. Mulheron, R., 2016. Principles of Tort Law. 1 ed. United Kingdom, UK: Cambridge University Press. Mullis , A. Oliphant, K., 2011. Torts. 4 ed. United Kingdom, UK: Macmillan International Higher Education. Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel (1985) HCA 34 . Ramello, G. B. Porrini, D., 2011. Class Action and Financial Markets: Insights from Law and Economics. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, , 3(2), pp. 140-160. Sabapathy, S., 2009. Tort recovery of pure economic loss for defective premises: a comparative analysis. International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry, , 2(1), p. 84. Shaddock V Parramatta City Council (1981) ALR 385. Strong, S. I. Williams, L., 2011. Complete Tort Law: Text, Cases, Materials. 2 ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Turkmani v Visvalingam (NSWCA 211) 2009.