Discuss the rationale for investing in nutrition for the under 5s Essay

Discuss the rationale for investing in nutrition for the under 5s. Does this lead us to the conclusion that it is not worth investing in education interventions for older children - Essay Example Most are also likely to have experienced illnesses and then died at an early age. The research also shows that this lead to income loses in their lifetime. This may lead one to believe that investing in older children’s education is also worth as compared to nutrition. This paper will discuss the rationale for investing in nutrition for the under 5’s and argue that this does not lead to the conclusion that it is not worth investing in education interventions for older children. Healthy children get smart brains. Hence, they get educated well and bring income to a country. When the younger generation is educated, it may invest in the future businesses of a country. This may lead to the creation of a higher national income in the economy. Another advantage would be a reduction of poverty in the future. This is because as this is a younger generation when grown up they would be well prepared to create businesses. Investing in older children’s education should thus be encouraged (Naudeau, 2011:3). Investing on nutrition of children under the age helps children are healthy to be healthy and prevents mental retardation. Mental illnesses bring adult diseases to these individuals when they grow older later in their lives and makes children to be slow learners. Research evidence shows that adult illnesses are more prevalent among those who experienced adverse problems when they were young. This thus shows early life interventions among children should be done to promote heath of individuals. Apart from retardation, bad health also leads to physically challenged children. This hence makes them reluctant to work thus reducing how they work. This issue in turn makes them fail to bring income to a country and to themselves too (Kogali & Krafft, 2015:3). It also helps in preventing certain illnesses that may affect them in future. An example of the illnesses that are associated with poor early childhood nutrition is obesity. The

Employee Relations in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employee Relations in UK - Essay Example It will be useful for management to conduct seminars and training sessions wherein the see the applicability of employee right in real-case scenarios In the United Kingdom, the Employment Relations Act (1999) was adopted by the government to provide better working standards for employees. It is intended to improve relations between an organization and its employees by fostering a new climate of co-operation between the worker and the employer. This act lays down the need to implement a statutory procedure for trade unions to be recognized as organizations which speak or put forth the interests of the organization's employees ( Such a procedure needs to be adopted by any organizations where the employees exceeds 20). The Employment Relations Act (1999), states that any independent public body such as the Central Arbitration Committee should be given due recognition in cases where a majority members of the workforce of an organization are union members. This law empowers employees by bringing out provisions that protect their rights and also strengthens their rights to belong to unions. Through this law workers have the right to be accompanied by a trade union official at disciplinary and grievance hearings. As a result of this law, it is not possible for employers to dismiss employees who are taking official, lawfully-organized industrial action. One of the hall-marks of this law is that it promotes ideas for a friendly working atmosphere and reforms tribunal awards for unfair dismissal. After the implementation of this act, it effectiveness was reviewed by government authorities. The review reveals that the act has been well-implemented and has succeeded in its purpose to improve employee relations. Through this act the procedure for recognition of trade unions has been carried out smoothly and efficiently. In the case of any issues of employee grievances, these issues are resolved very quickly, say within less than half the time. After this law came into effect, what was noticed was that inter-union disputes and legal challenges have drastically come down. The Act has encouraged voluntary settlement of recognition claims since its implementation and as a result, there have been about over 1,000 voluntary recognition agreements in the United Kingdom. Speaking on the effect of the implementation of the Employment Act, the Employment Relations Minister, Alan Johnson, said that there was evidence which showed that the law was doing what it proposed to do. As a result of the law, the number of strikes have comes down and the number of people who were employed was increasing. There is a real change in the attitude of employers towards employees and this has fostered an atmosphere wherein employers and employee are not just working together, but working together really well. Employee relations and handling disputes The Employment Act in 2002, made more improvements in the handling of employee relations. It lays down a set of procedures for managing disputes at the workplace. As per the new provisions, all employers must by October 2004, follow a procedure to deal with disputes. This procedure is a three-step process which ensures that disputes are discussed at work. As per this procedure, the dispute or grievance which an employee has against the employer must be set out in writing. All details must be

Child labour and possible prevention

Child labour and possible prevention The purpose of this essay is to discuss child labour and possible prevention. Child labour is when a child under the legal age (fifteen) are made to do work that is physically and mentally harmful and which interrupts their education or social development.1 Child labour is a serious problem in many countries. Africa and Asia has the most child employment with both making up 90% of total child employment. They are everywhere but invisible, toiling as domestic servants in homes, labouring behind the walls of workshops, hidden from view in plantations. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that there are more than 200 million children today which are involved in child labour. Some of these children are as young as 5. Child labourers are involved in all type of jobs agriculture, the sex industry, carpet and textile industry, brick making, construction work, quarrying and prostitution. The children that are working in a dangerous or hazardous environment usually dont wear any type of protective clothing or equipment this exposes them to toxic fumes and dangerous chemicals. Child labour should be prevented as it is taking away the childrens childhood, education and it is harmful to their health. There are many reasons why a child is working as a labourer. Most work because of poverty, lack of education and also to support themselves and their families. 1 in 7 children worldwide are working as a child labourer. In Africa, it is 1 in 3 children. 166 million of the children are under the age of 14. 74 million are risking their lives because they are working in a dangerous environment such as mining and construction there are no safety standards, no one has protective equipment, they are all working with bare hands and feet and only earning less than US $1.00 a day. 2 Child labourers that are working in match factories will suffer from phossy jaw. Phossy jaw is caused by accidently ingesting chemicals to make matches. Sometimes the chemicals used to make the matches causes the gums and jaw to become so infected that the jaw bones have to be removed. 3 Child labourers work almost every single day. They work for up to 16 hours a day for 6 days a week. This leaves them to have no time for an education which is important for a childs future. Parents are sometimes responsible for child labour. They force their kids to go to work rather than getting an education. This happens because there are many people who are graduated but still are not able to get a job. Young boys are put into work such as agricultural as soon as they are old enough to do the work. This is from the age as young as 5. Young girls also have to work at a young age but the works they do are not as heavy as the boys. Young girls do household and domestic work. These children have to keep working and are just exhausted at the end of the day which leaves them with no play time with other kids at all. The children who are going to work every day dont get to spend much time with their own family. They dont even get time to play with other children in the same age. The only other children they are with are the ones that they are working with. The children who are suffering from physical and mental job stress will face several health problems in their childhood and later in their life. Child labour is a must for many countries in Africa and Asia, without child labour, it would be even more difficult to survive. But, efforts should also be made to eliminate it. The effort made should be done in a proper manner which will not worsen the problem for those who are already affected. For the unemployed, programs should be introduced which provide an adequate salary. For the poor and the orphan centres, education should be provided for free. Efforts should also be made to change the way parents view child labour. Many poor parents consider child labour as a good though they do not realise how it endangers their childrens health and development. Parents should be made to realize that it is in their best interest to not let their child work at a very young age as this will affect their health, development and self esteem. In general, poverty is the problem that is causing child labour, eliminating poverty would solve most of the problems in Africa and Asia. The world would be a better place for everyone especially the children that are working as a child labour. Without child labour, the children would be enjoying their childhood with friends instead of working every day. There are several other steps that could be taken to prevent child labour. many children left their homes in a way to avoid the abuse that they are victims of from their parents. To prevent this bad treatment, the government could help give conferences to the parents about child labor and the consequences that it brings. In this way, we can help prevent other children running away from home and living as homeless children. Another option could be to build homes for those children that are living in the streets. They will be sent to these homes and they would not have to live outside. In this way we can help prevent children from any abuse that they can suffer in the streets. In these homes, children are not supposed to work; they can study and learn a career, and they will get a better job and a future. Child labor is a very serious problem. Politicians should make laws to prevent child labor and find solutions. Children are our future and we have to take care of them if we want a better future. Bibliography 1 Child Labour Definition. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2009, from http://www.redgoldfish.co.uk/viewglossary.asp?gid=45 2 YouTube Child Labour. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2009, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruh0O_mj1v0 3 Child Labour and Disease VA Museum of Childhood. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2009, from http://www.vam.ac.uk/moc/childrens_lives/health__work/health/index.html Child labour Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour

Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

The oldest English epic, Beowulf, although composed twelve centuries ago, uses many of the same ideals and values that exist in modern life and modern literature. These attributes are still important, but they do not occupy every aspect of life as in Anglo- Saxon England. Some of the ideals have little use today, such as fate, while other virtues, such as loyalty, are encouraged and highly respected traits. Other values, like fame, have taken on bad connotations in modern day and are not esteemed as they once were. Fate, the idea that destiny is predetermined and nothing can be done to change that, was highly esteemed in Beowulf’s time, but is of little use today. Anglo-Saxon warriors knew that they only had two options when they entered battle; either they live to fight again, or they die honorably amounts their own. Either way was determined by a higher power. The sense of an uncontrollable death left the Anglo-Saxon people without respect for other lives, evident in the amount of fighting in Beowulf, and also an inner gloom, â€Å"evident in the somber tone of Beowulf,† (from the text). Recently, philosophy has broken away from the more religious idea of destiny and moved toward a more logical aproach to life. Obviously, death is still inevitable, but logically, the future should be altered with each decision. Man has become too egocentric to believe someone, besides himself, can control his life. Loyalty, unlike fate, is still respected as it was in Beowulf’s time, but can g...

Microelectronic Pill Essay

1. ABSTRACT A â€Å"Microelectronic pill† is a basically a multichannel sensor used for remote biomedical measurements using micro technology. This has been developed for the internal study and detection of diseases and abnormalities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where restricted access prevents the use of traditional endoscope. The measurement parameters for detection include real – time remote recording of temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen in the GI tract. This paper deals with the design of the â€Å"Microelectronic pill† which mainly consists of an outer biocompatible capsule encasing 4–channel micro sensors, a control chip, a discrete component radio transmitter and 2 silver oxide cells. | Our Body is a sensitive system. Many times even doctors arenà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t able to interpret the disease. Thus it become too late to cure it. To remove this problem scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972. Use of discrete & relatively large componentà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s, poor reliability, short lifetimes & low sensitivity makes it outdated. To overcome all these problems Professor Jon Cooper and Dr Erik Johanessen from Glasgow University , U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic pill. When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it will travel through the Gastro Intestinal Tract & simultaneously perform multiparameter in situ physiological analysis After completing its mission it will come out of the body by normal bowel movement The pill is 16mm in diameter & 55mm long weighing around 5 gram It records parameters like temperature, pH, Conductivity, & Dissolved Oxygen in real time. PARTS CONTROL CHIP RADIO TRANSMITTER 2 SILVER OXIDE CELLS BIOCOMPATIBLE CAPSULE ENCASING MICROSENSOR SILICON DIODE 3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODE ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET) SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF MICRO ELECTRONIC CAPSULE It measures the body core temperature. Also compensates with the temperature induced signal changes in other sensors. It also identifies local changes associated with TISSUE INFLAMMATION & ULCERS. SILICON DIODE The ISFET measures pH. It can reveal pathological conditions associated with abnormal pH levels These abnormalities include : Pancreatic disease Hypertension Inflammatory bowel disease The activity of fermenting bacteria The level of acid excretion Reflux of oesophagus Effect of GI specific drugs on target organs. ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET) The pair of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conductivity, by measuring the contents of water & salt absorption, bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into charged colloids etc. in the GI tract. Since the gold has best conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives true value of conductivity as measured. DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODE The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of dissolved oxygen in solution. It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI Tract It investigates : Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection Formation of radicals causing cellular injury & pathophysiological conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration. It develops 1 st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors. 3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ARRANGEMENT MICRO ELECTRONIC PILL CHIP – 1 CHIP – 2 CONTROL CHIP The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control unit that connects together other components of the micro system. It contains an analogue signal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“conditioning module operating the sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC) converters, & digital data processing module The temperature circuitry bias the diode at constant current so that change in temperature reflects a corresponding change in in diode voltage. The pH ISFET sensor is biased as a simple source at constant current with the source voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH. The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the resistance across the electrode pair as an inverse function of solution conductivity. An incorporated potentiostat circuit operates the O 2 sensor with a 10 bit DAC controlling the working electrode potential w.r.t the reference Analogue signals are sequenced through a multiplexer before being digitized by ADC. ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of current. CONTROL CHIP Size of transmitter = 8 ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  5 ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  3 mm Modulation Scheme = Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbps Frequency = 40.01 MHz at 20 ÃÆ'‚ °C Bandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHz It consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current. RADIO TRANSMITTOR OBSERVATIONS ON RECIEVER COMPUTER 2 SR44 Ag 2 O batteries are used. Operating Time > 40 hours. Power Consumption = 12.1 mW Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA Supply Voltage = 3.1 V 2 SILVER OXIDE BATTERIES RANGE : Temperature from 0 to 70 ÃÆ'‚ ° C pH from 1 to 13 Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2 mg per liter Conductivity above 0.05 mScm -1 Full scale dynamic Range analogue signal = 2.8 V ACCURACY : pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real value Oxygen Sensor is ÃÆ'‚ ±0.4 mgL. Temperature & Conductivity is within ÃÆ'‚ ±1%. RANGE & ACCURACY It is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities in human body. There fore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR HEALTH CARE Adaptable for use in corrosive & quiescent environment It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality, Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of pipelines. Micro Electronic Pill utilizes a PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY MODE , So Power consumption is very less. It has very small size, hence it is very easy for practical usage High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times. Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, Current & Voltage requirement (12.1 mW, 3.9 mA, 3.1 V) Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference. ADVANTAGES read this use this link to download presentation | | | * RE: MICROELECTRONIC PILLS

Homecoming by Bruce Dawe

Homecoming by Bruce Dawe The Vietnam War was the â€Å"unpopular† war and was intensely criticized by the Australian people for the reasons stated in the poem, Homecoming, by Bruce Dawe. In the poem â€Å"Homecoming† by Bruce Dawe, Dawe identifies his personal concerns of the Vietnam War and then presents them through the use of poetic techniques. It is clear to us that Dawe’s foremost concerns are that of the number of dead, the lack of respect and the dehumanisation of the dead, and the careless attitude of the Government towards the War.Foremost, the core of Dawe’s concerns is transcribed from the large number of bodies and the large numbers of wasted young lives. Dawe gives the basis for his concerns in the first stanza, the lines â€Å"All day, day after day† and â€Å"Piled on the hulls of grants, in trucks, in convoys† there is evidence of alliteration and of pacing to commune the message. Also the line in the second stanza â€Å"over the land, the steaming Chow Mein† gives the audience the gruesome impression of a land covered in bloody, disfigured bodies of different nationalities, the American, the Australian and the Viet Cong.Dawe through this gives the responder a gruesome and disturbing insight into the death in Vietnam. Furthermore, to be proposed in conjunction to the large number of dead, Dawe Expresses his concern on the dehumanization and the lack of respect that the dead bodies of solders endure. Dawe does this primarily through the use of metaphor, personification, simile and onomatopoeia. Dawe’s intention for this is to create imagery of a factory like setting where the bodies have no identity and are â€Å"zipped†, â€Å"Tagging† and deep freezed, like meat in butchery.The line â€Å"whining like hounds† encourages us to perceive that there is a cannibalistic side to the war, and to the treatment of the men who fought. The reader can respond to this with various e motions, there is sympathy for the bodies and how there treated, there is also sympathy for the men who have to process the bodies. Conversely to the theme of death and dehumanization, there is the theme of the government’s role. Dawe’s concerns also lie in the government’s attitude to the Vietnam War and he uses irony to demonstrate this concern.Dawe expresses that the government is bringing home bodies of young men by the truckload, but yet sending more over to replace them. This is in daws opinion a waste of young lives; this is reinforced by the quote â€Å"They’re bringing them home, now, too late, too early†. This simply means that there is no escape from the grief of death, and the dead are young men who died too young. The effect of this gives a powerful message about the War and gives an insight to how people of the time may have felt.In conclusion, in the poem â€Å"Homecoming† by Bruce Dawe, the composer effectively communicates h is concerns of the Vietnam War, the amount of young deaths, and the little respect the bodies and the way the government dealt with the situation treating young lives as a disposable item. After reading the poem the reader has a new insight into the Vietnam War through the eyes of Dawe therefore the composer has successfully communicated his concerns.